Human papillomavirus complications
Dis Markers ; Mineral bone disorders MBDs constitute a hallmark of CKD, and alongside cardiovascular complications, they underlie a poor prognosis for these patients. Thus, our study focused on novel Human papillomavirus complications biomarker patterns and their impact on the clinical staging of the disease. As a first testing approach, the relative expression levels of proteins were assessed by the Proteome Profiler Cytokine Array Kit for pooled CKD stage serum samples to establish an overall human papillomavirus complications regarding the proteins involved in CKD pathogenesis.
Among human papillomavirus complications molecules that displayed significant dysregulation in the CKD stages, we further explored the involvement of Dickkopf-related protein 1 Dkk-1a recognised inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, and its crosstalk with 1,25OH2D3 calcitriol as new players in renal bone and vascular disease.
The serum levels of these two molecules were quantified by an ELISA 76 samplesand the results reveal decreasing circulating levels of Dkk-1 and calcitriol in advanced CKD stages, with their circulating expression showing a downward trend as the CKD develops.
Our results show that the human papillomavirus complications involved in orchestrating the inflammatory response, interleukin-6 IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha TNFαas well as the mineral biomarkers osteoprotegerin OPGosteocalcin OCosteopontin OPNand fibroblast growth factor 23 FGFcorrelate with Dkk-1 and calcitriol, raising the possibility of them being potential useful CKD biomarkers.
These results reveal the impact of different biomarker patterns in CKD staging and severity, thus opening up novel approaches to be explored in CKD clinical management.
